Phillips started alongside Jude Bellingham in the middle of the park before coming off at the interval, by which point the Three Lions were already 6-0 up.
Crystal Palace's Chelsea loanee Conor Gallagher, a player Leeds tried to sign in the summer, took the Yorkshire Pirlo's place in the second half.
The victory ensured that England finished top of their qualification group, sealing a place at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
It was the first time the Three Lions have hit double figures since 1964 and Harry Kane scored four to move level with Gary Lineker on 48 goals for England.
Phillips now has 19 caps to his name having only made an international debut in September 2020 and has suffered only two defeats in an England shirt.
This is how the national media rated his display.
. Kalvin Phillips started as England romped to a 10-0 win at hosts San Marino.
ALL SMILES: Kalvin Phillips heads to celebrate with Emile Smith-Rowe during Monday's 10-0 rout of San Marino. Photo by FILIPPO MONTEFORTE/AFP via Getty Images.
7. The Sun - 6
Charlie Wyatt said the only issue for Phillips, like his team-mates, was to keep his feet on the slippery surface.
8. 90 Min - 6
Matt O'Connor Simpson pointed out how Phillips misplaced two of his 58 passes during his 45-minute stint. "Bet he's gutted," he quipped.
9. The Hard Tackle - 7.5
Anas Ali says Phillips established himself as the hub of the England midfield with his crisp passing and brilliant distribution, adding that his forward passes were vital in helping his team breach the opposition defence time and time again.